2025-12-27

claude knows story: an introduction to the Avatar Academy series characters

I fed all the novelettes into claude and asked it to create a character chronology, assuming the first event of the story occurred on April 22, 2025. Here is its response, unedited except for formatting.

Avatar Academy Series: A Comprehensive Chronology

Starting Point: April 22, 2025 (Earth Day — a fitting irony)

This timeline synthesizes events across all four novelettes, tracking characters and noting which story each event appears in. Stories are abbreviated as:
- AS = Awesome Sauce
- BSTW = Baltimore Saves the World
- VDPS = Venus Dreams Plastic Schemes
- HMF = His Mom Friday


PREHISTORY (Before April 2025)

The First Avatar Mission — Date Unknown

Source: AS, HMF, BSTW (referenced)

  • Factor Sonnof becomes the first Avatar Operator to teleport from Venus to Earth
  • His target host is Yuval Prime, associated with Victory Construction in Baltimore
  • Factor’s Avatar Pod Controller malfunctions during the mission
  • Factor becomes trapped in Yuval Prime’s body on Earth; his Venusian body remains in stasis
  • His official status is listed as “Unknown” on his Hall of Heroes plaque
  • Nona Sonnof is left to raise their son Bevers alone while serving as Mayor of Venus City

Characters introduced: Factor Sonnof, Yuval Prime, Nona Sonnof, Bevers Sonnof


PHASE ONE: THE CRISIS BEGINS

April 22, 2025 — Earth Day / Venus Doomsday

Source: AS (Chapter 1: Venus’s Voltage Vacancies)

VENUS — The Observatory
- The AI Governor (holographic dodecahedron) convenes an emergency meeting - Solar panel failures have reached critical levels; power cycling events are constant
- Mayor Nona Sonnof and Sergeant Tobar Sidel attend
- Key revelation: Earth has massive quantities of unrecycled plastic that could fuel PolymerPower reactors
- The Venusians watch footage of an Earthling (later identified as Lenny Kremer) praying in a parking lot — they mistake this for “praying to the plastic God”
- Decision: Deploy Avatar Operators to Earth to acquire plastic - Ethical concerns raised about hosts achieving “Attained Negative Life Status” (ANLS) upon operator return
- Solution: Target hosts in high-crime areas where deaths won’t raise suspicion
- Baltimore selected as primary target zone due to underfunded police and criminal activity

Characters introduced: AI Governor, Sergeant Tobar Sidel, Lenny Kremer (observed)


April 23–24, 2025 — Mobilization

Source: VDPS (Chapters 1–2), BSTW

VENUS — Government Chambers
- Emergency protocols enacted; plastic conservation measures ordered - All plastic items (posters, benches, art installations) to be replaced with Cardbordium
- VEATT 2.0 (Venus-Earth Avatar Teleportation Technology) development accelerated - Governor orders Avatar Academy expansion and new cadet recruitment
- Bevers Sonnof’s application transferred from defunct VEATT 1.0 program to Avatar Academy 2.0
- Nona objects but is overruled by the Governor

EARTH — Baltimore
- At Gilbrain Recycling, Abel and Linda Gilbrain dream of buying the bankrupt Putt-Putt Planet mini-golf course
- Etern Fletcher delivers “No Plastic Left Behind” merchandise - Ramon Ortiz files paperwork in the cluttered office
- Abel’s parents, Ursel and Urielle Gilbrain, prepare for a vacation to the Poconos

Characters introduced: Abel Gilbrain, Linda Gilbrain, Etern Fletcher, Ramon Ortiz, Ursel Gilbrain, Urielle Gilbrain


April 25, 2025 — Lenny’s Bad Night

Source: BSTW (Chapter: Praying to the “plastic God”)

EARTH — Baltimore Ramada Hotel - Lenny Kremer attends Tuesday Night Speed Dating - Disastrous dates with Euphemia (flees to bathroom), Bromhilda (texts her mom about him), and Martha (dismisses alien theories) - Lenny remains hopeful despite zero romantic success - He works as a polymer monitoring engineer at the Baltimore Plastic Recycle Processing Facility - His two passions: waste management data and UFO research

Characters introduced: Euphemia, Bromhilda, Martha (speed dates)


April 26–27, 2025 — Poster Crisis / Coffee Shop

Source: AS (Chapter 3: Nona’s Plastic Poster)

VENUS — Perfect Protocol Percolation Coffee Shop - Nona and Jetta Sidel (Tobar’s mother) have coffee - City maintenance worker Wally removes Nona’s campaign poster for fuel - Nona accepts this as “the needs of the many” but is clearly troubled - New posters read: “Conserve Plastic! (Or We’ll All Die!)”

Characters introduced: Jetta Sidel, Wally


PHASE TWO: THE AVATAR ACADEMY

Late April 2025 — Cadet Training Begins

Source: AS (Chapter 3: Keen Clutzy Cadets), VDPS

VENUS — Avatar Control Facility - Five new cadets train under Sergeant Sidel and Technician Xena Xanner - Cadets: Thalia Ridel (extroverted, crush on Bevers), Sharada Nassof (shy brainiac), Spinozar Bentov (philosopher), Moma Tommov and Mathezar Tommov (married couple) - Bevers sneaks into training late, trips over a trash can - A mysterious webcam feed appears showing 10 tons of labeled plastic at coordinates in Baltimore - Xena teleports the plastic directly to the PolymerPower fuel bay — success! - Rules of Avatar Operation taught: “If you don’t know, answer a question with a question” and “Don’t get caught”

Characters introduced: Xena Xanner, Thalia Ridel, Sharada Nassof, Spinozar Bentov, Moma Tommov, Mathezar Tommov


Late April 2025 — The Gilbrain Takeover

Source: VDPS (Chapter 3: House-sitting)

EARTH — Baltimore - Ursel and Urielle Gilbrain leave for vacation to the Poconos - Abel and Linda house-sit, immediately begin scheming about the mini-golf purchase - The Tommovs are assigned to permanently hijack Ursel and Urielle Gilbrain - Moma-as-Urielle and Mathezar-as-Ursel take over during the vacation - The Gilbrain parents return “changed” — more efficient, orderly, obsessed with TV trivia


Early May 2025 — Bevers’s First Real Mission (Dan Uris)

Source: BSTW

VENUS — Avatar Control - Governor takes “direct interest” in Bevers’s career over Nona’s objections - Bevers is assigned to avatar into Dan Uris, an aggressive man who works at the Baltimore Waste Processing Plant - Alternative host (rejected): an elderly robbery victim with a broken leg - Bevers climbs into Pod Controller labeled “Bevers Sonnof/Dan Uris” - Teleportation successful — Bevers experiences Earth gravity for the first time

EARTH — Baltimore Waste Processing Plant - Bevers-as-Dan arrives, disoriented by the heavier gravity - He meets Lenny Kremer and supervisor Cedric “Smitty” at the facility - Bevers-as-Dan’s mission: locate large quantities of plastic for teleportation

Characters introduced: Dan Uris, Smitty (Cedric)


May 2025 — World UFO Day Events

Source: BSTW

EARTH — Baltimore - Lenny notices statistical anomalies in plastic waste data — impossible drops in pollution levels - He suspects alien involvement but can’t prove it - Bevers-as-Dan struggles with coordination; his erratic behavior raises eyebrows - Dan Uris achieves ANLS (dies) when Bevers returns to Venus - Bevers feels genuine guilt about Dan’s death — unusual for Venusians

VENUS — Perfect Protocol Percolation - Bevers meets Nona and Jetta after his mission - His Venusian body is still calibrated for Earth gravity; he stumbles, knocks things over - Nona is pragmatic: “They’re biodegradable. Why not just leave them?” - Bevers is sent for mandatory debriefing


May 2025 — The Second Invader (Smitty)

Source: BSTW

VENUS - Bevers is assigned a new host: Smitty (Lenny’s friend at the plant) - Mission continues: locate larger plastic quantities

EARTH — Baltimore - Bevers-as-Smitty works alongside Lenny - Lenny becomes increasingly suspicious of strange behavior from coworkers - He meets Lucy Mateo, a graduate student researching microplastic extraction - Lenny and Lucy bond over environmental concerns and, eventually, over Lenny’s UFO theories - Bevers-as-Smitty helps identify the Victory Construction criminal operation as a source of concentrated plastic


PHASE THREE: VICTORY CONSTRUCTION

Mid-May 2025 — Criminal Underworld

Source: AS (Chapters 4–5)

EARTH — Victory Construction Warehouse - Victor Ng (“Victor the Vicious”) runs a criminal operation disguised as a construction company - Key employees: El Toro (enforcer), Wilt Chamberlain (receptionist, no relation to basketball legend), Tommy Takony (good-hearted associate) - Tommy pitches Victor on starting a legal cannabis dispensary — rejected - Victor notices plastic disappearing from his scrap piles; suspects theft - El Toro punches Tommy over the missing vinyl (Tommy is innocent — Venusians teleported it)

Characters introduced: Victor Ng, El Toro, Wilt Chamberlain, Tommy Takony


Mid-May 2025 — Ivan the Insane

Source: AS (Chapters 12–13)

EARTH — Baltimore - Ivan Broomfield (“Ivan the Insane”) returns from a trip, greeted by his daughter Isolda - Ivan is a devoted father despite his criminal profession - He participates in Isolda’s tea party; she puts makeup on his face - Bevers neural-hijacks Ivan; Bevers-as-Ivan goes to work for Victor - Chitty the Chipper (owner of a wood chipper, psychotically cheerful) joins Bevers-as-Ivan and Tommy on errands

Characters introduced: Ivan Broomfield, Isolda Broomfield, Chitty the Chipper


Mid-May 2025 — Finding Factor

Source: AS (Chapters 13–15)

VENUS — Avatar Control - Sidel works frantically to repair Factor Sonnof’s damaged Pod Controller - Cadets discover Factor’s host (Yuval Prime) is connected to Victory Construction - Mathezar proposes avataring into Victor to get close to the plastic cache

EARTH — Victory Construction - Factor-as-Yuval is being held captive by Victor - Mathezar-as-Victor neural-hijacks Victor; his eyes flash blue - Factor recognizes the signs of a Venusian avatar; Mathezar identifies himself - Bevers-as-Ivan arrives with Tommy and Chitty - The three Venusians reveal themselves to each other (but not to Chitty or Tommy) - Father-son reunion: Bevers and Factor embrace in their human host bodies


Late May 2025 — The Toy Tinkers Heist

Source: AS (Chapter 15: The Plastic Pile-up)

EARTH — Demolished Toy Tinkers Site - Factor-as-Yuval, Bevers-as-Ivan, and Mathezar-as-Victor drive to a massive pile of vinyl scraps - They climb the mountain of plastic to transmit GPS coordinates to Venus - The beacon is activated; the plastic glows blue and vanishes - Problem: they’re standing on the plastic when it teleports - All three hosts fall to their deaths (splat)

VENUS — Avatar Control - Tension as Sidel and Xena monitor the situation - Power coupling fails again; Sharada and Spinozar rush to fix it - Three Pod Controllers glow blue — successful return! - Bevers, Mathezar, and Factor emerge alive - Factor orders the teleportation of remaining plastic; mission success


Late May 2025 — Family Reunion

Source: AS (Chapters 15–16)

VENUS — The Observatory - Nona is in a meeting discussing funding and solar panel failures - Factor sneaks up behind her, covers her eyes - Emotional reunion; Nona is overjoyed - Governor offers Factor a tenured position as Professor of Earth Protocol at the Avatar Academy - Grand celebration at Venus City Civic Center - Multiple couples form: Spinozar & Sharada, Bevers & Thalia, Moma & Mathezar (already married)

EARTH — Baltimore - Funerals for Ivan the Insane, Victor the Vicious, Yuval Prime, and El Toro - Chitty is the sole mourner at each, bored and fake-crying - Wilt inherits Victory Construction; Tommy opens a cannabis dispensary - Police have no leads; deaths attributed to “climbing accidents”


PHASE FOUR: OPERATIONS CONTINUE

June 2025 — Thalia’s Tribunal

Source: VDPS (Chapter 8)

VENUS — Avatar Control Facility - Thalia Ridel faces a tribunal for “terminating her host” during a mission gone wrong - Sergeant Sidel presents damning pie charts and statistics - Nona defends Thalia passionately: “She’s a weapon. You don’t throw away a weapon just because it misfired once. You recalibrate it.” - The Governor agrees; Thalia is reinstated with conditions: Ethics in Teleportation Seminar (twice) and snack bar ban (one month) - Thalia and Bevers exchange meaningful looks


Summer 2025 — Bevers’s Demotion

Source: HMF (referenced)

VENUS - Bevers provides a load of plastic fuel, but it contains impurities - Processing causes extreme power fluctuations - Governor demotes Bevers from First Class Operator back to Cadet - Nona is frustrated but supportive


Summer 2025 — Movie Night

Source: HMF (Chapter 1: Movie night)

VENUS — Sonnof Family Apartment - Factor, Nona, and Bevers settle in for family movie night - Feature: His Girl Friday (1940), streamed from Earthnet - Nona made “Earthling popcorn” with “aroma of mommy-love” - Power cycling interrupts mid-film; a four-minute delay - Nona calls the Governor to complain; conversation reveals ongoing crisis - Factor is now home, but the family worries about Venus City’s future - Bevers defends the Avatar Academy: “The Avatar Control Facility now has separate power reserves” - Reference to Thalia and Sharada’s thermal power converter invention


Summer 2025 — The P.L.A.S.T.I.C. Discovery

Source: HMF (Chapter 2)

VENUS — Avatar Academy Training Room - Thalia and Sharada play Venusian ping-pong at superhuman speeds - Spinozar and Jakov watch; Spinozar philosophizes about whether beauty exists - Thalia reveals her discovery in the P.L.A.S.T.I.C. database (Plastic Logging Automation for Sorting, Transporting, Identifying, and Cataloging) - Container-loads of pure PVC are shipping from Cartagena, Colombia to Baltimore - 20+ glorks (metric tons) per container; thousands of containers per ship - Redacted entries suggest criminal activity or deliberate concealment - Thalia: “Not if we teleport it off that rock first”


Late Summer 2025 — Operation Plastic Fantastic

Source: HMF (Chapters 3–9)

VENUS - Bevers proposes a mission to intercept the PVC shipment - Nona forbids his participation; he’s still a cadet - Target hosts identified: Alan Jackson (corrupt shipping worker) and Wendy (fellow smuggler) - Twist: Nona decides to go with Bevers, avataring into Wendy

EARTH — Baltimore Shipping Yards - Bevers-as-Alan and Nona-as-Wendy infiltrate the criminal plastic smuggling operation - They navigate Baltimore’s underworld while maintaining cover - Police officers Linda and Rodney investigate suspicious activity - Climactic scene: Bevers and Nona locate containers labeled “PB-437” - They operate a crane to reach the containers and transmit coordinates - 27 containers of PVC teleported to Venus — enough fuel for 3+ months - Both hosts fall from the crane and die; Bevers and Nona return to Venus - Linda and Rodney find the bodies and confiscate cell phones as evidence

VENUS — Avatar Control Facility - Bevers and Nona emerge from their pods, triumphant but shaken - Factor rushes to embrace Nona: “You did it!” - Governor announces: 540 glorks of fuel acquired - Bevers is promoted to head the new Earth Resource Acquisition Division - Celebration in Venus City Park with artificial auroras - Factor to Nona: “You’re my girl Friday” - Bevers: “She’s my mom Friday”


PHASE FIVE: EQUILIBRIUM

Six Months Later — November 2025

Source: VDPS (Chapter 9: Final Jeopardy)

EARTH — Gilbrain Residence, Baltimore - The Gilbrain living room is immaculate — aliens value efficiency - Mathezar-as-Ursel and Moma-as-Urielle watch Jeopardy! obsessively - They dominate planetary science questions (“What is Venus?”) - Abel and Linda have been demoted to “Senior Retrieval Specialists” — truck drivers - The recycling business is thriving; plastic “shrinks” mysteriously overnight - Abel whispers to Linda about a new scheme: an alpaca farm - “Their wool is recession-proof, Linda. It’s hypoallergenic.” - Linda squeezes his hand: “I love socks.” - The cycle of Gilbrain chaos continues, now under alien management


One Year Later — April 2026

Source: BSTW (Epilogue: Baltimore, one year later)

EARTH — Baltimore - Environmental miracle: plastic pollution in the Chesapeake watershed down 78% - Scientists accuse each other of fraud, incompetence, and witchcraft - A heron catches fish in clean water; a mother duck has 12 surviving ducklings - Dolphins appear in the Inner Harbor — reporters are shocked - News attributes the cleanup to Lucy Mateo’s microplastic extraction research - (In truth: she reverse-engineered alien technology as a backup system) - Smitty’s UFO podcast reaches the top 1000; he claims dolphins are Venusian scouts in “bio-suits”

EARTH — Baltimore Park - Lenny and Lucy jog together, engaged - Their dog Ramis is trained to pick up litter and deposit it in recycling bins - “You trained him to recycle!” — Lenny’s two loves merged into one

EARTH — The White House - The President learns plastic pollution is down dramatically - Advisor: “Apparently it’s due to some scientist named Lucy Mateo from Baltimore” - President asks what to do with $40 billion freed up from pollution cleanup - Decision: “Build me a bajillion bombs”

VENUS — Surface - Bevers stands in a spacesuit on the scorched Venusian plains - He checks a solar panel, looks up at Earth (a bright pinprick in the yellow sky) - He waves a thankful salute

“Wait — you didn’t think ‘Baltimore saves the world’ meant the Earth, did you?”


CHARACTER TRACKER

The Sonnof Family

Character Role Stories
Factor Sonnof First Avatar Operator; Professor of Earth Protocol AS, HMF
Nona Sonnof Mayor of Venus City AS, BSTW, VDPS, HMF
Bevers Sonnof Avatar Cadet → Division Head AS, BSTW, VDPS, HMF

Avatar Academy Cadets

Character Role Stories
Thalia Ridel Cadet; Bevers’s love interest AS, VDPS, HMF
Sharada Nassof Cadet; shy brainiac AS, VDPS, HMF
Spinozar Bentov Cadet; philosopher AS, VDPS, HMF
Moma Tommov Cadet → Permanent Operator (Urielle) AS, VDPS
Mathezar Tommov Cadet → Permanent Operator (Ursel) AS, VDPS

Venusian Officials

Character Role Stories
AI Governor Holographic dodecahedron; planetary leader AS, BSTW, VDPS, HMF
Sergeant Tobar Sidel Avatar Academy commander AS, BSTW, VDPS, HMF
Jetta Sidel Tobar’s mother; socialite AS, BSTW
Xena Xanner Senior Avatar Control Technician AS, BSTW

Earth Characters — Baltimore Waste Facility

Character Role Stories
Lenny Kremer Polymer engineer; UFO believer BSTW
Lucy Mateo Graduate student; Lenny’s fiancée BSTW
Smitty (Cedric) Lenny’s friend; podcast host BSTW
Dan Uris Supervisor; Bevers’s first host BSTW

Earth Characters — Victory Construction

Character Role Stories
Victor Ng Crime boss (“Victor the Vicious”) AS
Yuval Prime Criminal; Factor’s host AS, HMF (ref)
Ivan Broomfield Criminal (“Ivan the Insane”); father AS
El Toro Enforcer AS
Tommy Takony Associate → dispensary owner AS
Wilt Chamberlain Receptionist → new boss AS
Chitty the Chipper Psychotic chipper owner AS

Earth Characters — Gilbrain Family

Character Role Stories
Abel Gilbrain Son; serial entrepreneur VDPS
Linda Gilbrain Abel’s wife VDPS
Ursel Gilbrain Father → Mathezar’s permanent host VDPS
Urielle Gilbrain Mother → Moma’s permanent host VDPS
Etern Fletcher Employee; Bevers’s early host VDPS
Ramon Ortiz Employee VDPS

Earth Characters — His Mom Friday Mission

Character Role Stories
Alan Jackson Smuggler; Bevers’s host HMF
Wendy Smuggler; Nona’s host HMF
Linda Baltimore police officer HMF
Rodney Baltimore police officer HMF

TIMELINE SUMMARY

Date Event Story
Pre-series Factor’s first mission; trapped in Yuval Prime Background
April 22, 2025 Energy crisis summit; Earth invasion planned AS
April 23–24 Mobilization; Avatar Academy expansion VDPS, BSTW
April 25 Lenny’s speed dating disaster BSTW
April 26–27 Poster confiscation; plastic conservation AS
Late April Cadet training; first plastic teleportation AS, VDPS
Late April Tommovs take over Gilbrain parents VDPS
Early May Bevers’s first mission (Dan Uris) BSTW
May Lenny meets Lucy; UFO research BSTW
Mid-May Victory Construction infiltration AS
Late May Factor found; Toy Tinkers heist; reunion AS
June Thalia’s tribunal VDPS
Summer Bevers demoted; Movie night HMF
Late Summer Operation Plastic Fantastic HMF
November 2025 Gilbrains watch Jeopardy; alpaca dreams VDPS
April 2026 Baltimore environmental miracle BSTW

“The universe, it seemed, had a truly bizarre sense of humor.”

— END OF CHRONOLOGY —

claude knows story: an introduction to the Avatar Academy series

For my own amusement, over the years I wrote (and rewrote and rewrote ...) some novelettes in the the scifi-(workplace comedy)-(environmental ethics) realm. They form the Avatar Academy stories. The process was to take a story I wrote in a different topic and try to adapt it to the tone of the series.

I hoped to write a blog post on the method used but it turns out to be too complicated. Here are some remarks on the method: I'd start with a story I wrote that IMHO didn't "work" but had characters or relationships I wanted to explore more in a similar story. After that story was selected, I often used AI to generate suggestions for changing the setting from (for example) comedy caper to scifi comedy. Or I might ask for potential outlines, or idea critiques. Lots of chats, for weeks or months. Finally, I'll get a first draft of a "new" story structure that I can work with "by hand", trying to write what I thought the character would say in such-an-such a situation. In this last stage, it's a matter of getting the plot, comedy tone, character motivations, and so on to work together in a compelling way. Then it has to be polished over and over until I get to a point where I don't think I can improve it much, given my modest literary skills.

Once the writing process is finished, I ask chatGPT or gemini to generate images what can be used in a section of the book. I'd also ask claude for AI image generator prompt suggesitons (since claude doesn't do image generation). The images are often inconsistent but I tried to make the characters in different images similar in appearance. Those are how the illustrations were selected. So, for what it's worth, that's more-or-less how these were written.

An example of a gemini-generated (with edits) image for His Mom Friday

After all that I thought I'd ask claude to write a blog post introducting the series. The text below is, without edits, what it responded with.

Plastic Fantastic: An Introduction to the Avatar Academy Series

Four novelettes about aliens, trash, family dysfunction, and the absurdity of bureaucracy—in space and on Earth


What happens when a civilization faces an existential energy crisis and the only solution is stealing another planet’s garbage? This is the delightfully absurd premise behind the Avatar Academy series, a quartet of interconnected science fiction comedies set between the subterranean cities of Venus and the gritty streets of Baltimore.

The series follows the Venusians—short, round, green-skinned aliens who live underground beneath their hostile planet’s surface—as they deploy “Avatar Operators” to neurally hijack human hosts on Earth. Their mission? To collect plastic waste, the only fuel source for their failing PolymerPower reactors. What unfolds across these four stories is a satirical exploration of environmentalism, bureaucracy, family bonds, and the collision between two very different cultures.


The Stories

Awesome Sauce — The Origin Story

(amazon link)

The series begins with Venus in crisis. Solar panels are failing, power cycling interrupts everything from government meetings to movie night, and the AI Governor—a glowing holographic dodecahedron who pulses red when speaking and gold when processing—must find a solution.

The answer comes from an unlikely source: Earth’s mountains of unrecycled plastic waste. The Venusians’ “Avatar Program” allows operators to teleport their consciousness across space and take over human hosts. There’s just one catch: when the operator returns to Venus, the host dies. Or as the Venusians euphemistically call it, achieves “Attained Negative Life Status.”

Awesome Sauce introduces us to the key players: Mayor Nona Sonnof, the politically savvy leader who balances compassion with pragmatism; her husband Factor, a veteran Avatar Operator; their son Bevers, an enthusiastic but clumsy cadet; and Sergeant Tobar Sidel, the by-the-book military officer who runs the Avatar Academy.

The story follows the first major plastic acquisition operation in Baltimore, where a criminal organization unwittingly provides both cover and targets for the Venusian infiltration.

Baltimore Saves the World — The Earth Perspective

(amazon link)

This installment shifts the narrative to Earth, centering on Lenny Kremer, a waste management engineer at Baltimore’s Plastic Recycle Processing Facility. Lenny is a man with two passions: tracking polymer waste data and searching for evidence of extraterrestrial life. Unsurprisingly, his speed dating career is not going well.

When Lenny notices statistical anomalies in plastic waste patterns—impossible drops in pollution levels—he suspects alien involvement. He’s right, of course, but proving it is another matter entirely.

The story introduces Lucy Mateo, a graduate student who becomes Lenny’s ally (and eventually his fiancée), and a colorful cast of UFO enthusiasts, skeptical coworkers, and oblivious government officials.

The title carries a beautiful double meaning that only becomes clear at the end: Baltimore’s unwitting “donation” of plastic waste doesn’t save Earth—it saves Venus. Meanwhile, Earth’s environment improves dramatically as a side effect, and the President decides to spend the cleanup budget savings on “a bajillion bombs.”

Venus Dreams Plastic Schemes — The Family Business

(amazon link)

The third story introduces the Gilbrains, a Baltimore family whose dysfunction is matched only by their ambition. Abel and Linda Gilbrain run a struggling recycling center while dreaming of buying a bankrupt mini-golf course called “Putt-Putt Planet.” Their elderly parents, Ursel and Urielle, are perpetually exasperated by their son’s endless parade of failed business schemes.

Enter Mathezar and Moma Tommov, a married pair of Avatar Operators who are assigned to permanently hijack the Gilbrain parents. Under Venusian management, the family business transforms into a ruthlessly efficient plastic collection operation. Abel and Linda are demoted to “Senior Retrieval Specialists”—essentially glorified truck drivers—but for the first time in their lives, the family company is actually making money.

The story also follows Thalia Ridel, a promising young Avatar cadet who faces a tribunal after her mission goes wrong. Her defense by Mayor Nona Sonnof provides insight into Venusian values: initiative, even when it fails, is prized over blind obedience.

The ending is pitch-perfect: the hijacked Gilbrain parents watch Jeopardy! with eerie expertise while Abel whispers to Linda about his next big idea—an alpaca farm.

His Mom Friday — A Mother-Son Adventure

(amazon link)

The most intimate of the four stories, His Mom Friday takes its name from the 1940 screwball comedy His Girl Friday—a movie the Sonnof family is watching when yet another power outage interrupts their evening.

Bevers has discovered a cache of plastic in a Baltimore shipping yard through intelligence gathered by his friends Thalia and Sharada. But his mother Nona, worried about the mission’s dangers, forbids him from participating. In true family fashion, she ends up joining him instead.

The story becomes a mother-son heist adventure as Nona hijacks a human smuggler named Wendy while Bevers takes over Alan Jackson, a corrupt shipping yard worker. Together, they navigate Earth criminals, incompetent police officers, and the challenges of operating unfamiliar human bodies.

The climax sees both successfully transmit coordinates for the plastic containers before simultaneously falling off a crane—a darkly comedic end to their human hosts that the Baltimore police write off as yet another accident in a high-crime area.


Thematic Threads

Aliens as a Mirror

The Venusians aren’t invaders in the traditional sense—they’re desperate refugees stealing garbage. Their advanced technology (neural hijacking, matter teleportation) exists alongside profound moral blind spots. They’ve calculated that human lives are worth less than plastic because “Earthlings are biodegradable and plastic is not.”

This twisted logic serves as satire of how any society—including our own—can rationalize harm through bureaucratic language. “Attained Negative Life Status” is funnier and more disturbing than simply saying “death.”

Environmental Commentary

The series plays both sides of environmental humor. The Venusians represent a civilization that actually values plastic—for them, it’s precious fuel rather than pollution. Meanwhile, Earth’s plastic crisis is so severe that aliens can harvest it in massive quantities without anyone noticing.

The irony deepens in Baltimore Saves the World: when plastic pollution dramatically decreases, scientists accuse each other of fraud, dolphins return to the Inner Harbor, and the President responds by defunding environmental programs. The planet is accidentally saved, and humanity learns nothing.

Bureaucracy as Universal Constant

Whether on Venus or Earth, bureaucracy is the enemy. The AI Governor requires forms for everything. Bevers’ demotion and subsequent reinstatement at the Avatar Academy hinges on properly filed paperwork. Baltimore’s police force is so underfunded that mysterious deaths are filed away as “accidental overdoses” to reduce caseloads.

The humor here is gentle but persistent: forms, protocols, and procedures are both essential and absurd, and every character—alien or human—struggles against them.

Family Dynamics

Family is the emotional heart of the series. The Sonnofs model a loving, supportive family navigating crisis together. Bevers is embarrassed by his mother’s affection (“Mom, please”) but ultimately teams up with her on a dangerous mission. Factor and Nona’s relationship is warm and playful despite the stress of planetary survival.

The Gilbrains offer a comic counterpoint: parents and children united by mutual disappointment. Abel’s endless business failures exhaust his parents, while Ursel and Urielle’s constant criticism creates a cycle of dysfunction that only alien intervention can break.

Both families represent different ways love manifests—sometimes through support, sometimes through exasperation, but always through presence.

Class and Crime

Baltimore serves as the series’ primary Earth setting for pointed reasons. Its depiction emphasizes institutional failure: underfunded police, rampant organized crime, and economic desperation. The Venusians exploit these conditions because they create cover for their operations—nobody notices a few more bodies in a city already drowning in violence.

But the series doesn’t simply mock Baltimore. Characters like Lenny Kremer and Lucy Mateo represent genuine competence and idealism surviving within broken systems. Even the criminals are portrayed with complexity: Ivan the Insane was “psychotic but a sweetheart of a father.”

Identity and Embodiment

The avatar technology raises fascinating questions about identity. When Bevers inhabits Etern Fletcher’s body, he experiences “Coordination Lag”—his Venusian brain overcalculating for Earth’s lighter gravity. The Tommovs gradually assimilate human culture through their hosts, developing an obsession with Jeopardy! that reveals their alien origins through superior planetary science knowledge.

The series treats body-swapping with surprising nuance, acknowledging both the comedy and horror of inhabiting another being.


The Comedy of Colonialism

Perhaps the series’ sharpest edge is its treatment of colonialism—inverted. The Venusians represent a technologically advanced civilization exploiting a “primitive” world for resources. They justify casualties through utilitarian calculation. They target vulnerable populations who won’t be missed. They operate in secret while congratulating themselves on their cleverness.

Sound familiar?

By making humans the colonized rather than the colonizers, the series invites readers to reconsider comfortable narratives about resource extraction, cultural superiority, and collateral damage. The Venusians aren’t evil—they’re desperate, which makes their moral compromises both understandable and disturbing.


A Series Worth Discovering

The Avatar Academy stories work individually as comedic science fiction adventures, but they gain depth through their interconnections. Characters, locations, and consequences weave between installments, creating a richly textured universe where every action has ripples.

Awesome Sauce establishes the rules. Baltimore Saves the World shows the human impact. Venus Dreams Plastic Schemes explores institutional dynamics. His Mom Friday brings everything home with personal stakes.

Together, they form an unlikely meditation on what we value, what we discard, and how family—whether human or Venusian—sustains us through crisis.

As Bevers would say: awesome sauce.


Reading Order: 1. Awesome Sauce (Origin/ensemble) 2. Baltimore Saves the World (Earth perspective) 3. Venus Dreams Plastic Schemes (Parallel operations) 4. His Mom Friday (Character-focused climax)

Note: The stories can also be read independently, though references and character development build across the series.

2025-12-18

claude knows chess: Moeller vs. Caruana, Hamburg 2005

I wrote a package (with claude and gemini's help) that takes a database of Caruana games, runs them all through stockfish for analysis, then ranks them, then creates a terse latex report for selected top games (such as the game discussed in this column, bwt, I plan to post these python files to github at some point). This latex report was run through Claude and a "chess blog version" of the report was created. The markdown response from claude (sonnet 4.5) was converted to html using pacdoc. I edited this html in emacs, mostly for readability. I'm most impressed by the fact that clever moves can be missed but stockfish finds it anyway (see moves 27 and 28 below). Enjoy!
(The image above is from chess.com, dated 2007, making him 15 at the time of the photo. He is 13 in the game below.).

A Future World Championship Challenger at Age 13: Moeller vs. Caruana, Hamburg 2005

The Tournament

The Hamburg Robinow Open 2005 took place in early October in the historic Hanseatic city of Hamburg, Germany. This traditional open tournament attracted players of varying strengths, from club players to titled professionals, creating the kind of competitive melting pot where young talents could test themselves against experienced opposition.

Among the participants was a 13-year-old American-Italian prodigy named Fabiano Caruana, rated 2373 and already a FIDE Master. Born on July 30, 1992, in Miami, Caruana had relocated with his family from Brooklyn to Europe in 2004 to pursue serious chess training. At the time of this tournament, he was studying under strong coaches and rapidly climbing the rating ladder. Within two years, he would become the youngest grandmaster in both US and Italian history, and in 2018, he would challenge Magnus Carlsen for the World Championship.

His second-round opponent was Hendrik Moeller (2160), a solid German club player giving up over 200 rating points. While such a rating difference suggests a clear favorite, chess is never that simple—especially in open tournaments where upsets are common.

Game Details: - Event: Hamburg Robinow Open 2005 - Date: October 2, 2005 - Round: 2 - Time Control: Standard (likely 90 minutes + 30 seconds increment) - White: Hendrik Moeller (2160) - Black: Fabiano Caruana (2373) - Result: 0-1 (Black wins)


The Opening: A Preview of World Championship Chess

The game opened with the Sicilian Defense, Sveshnikov Variation, one of the most theoretically demanding and dynamic openings in chess. What makes this game particularly fascinating for modern chess fans is that White chose the relatively rare 7.Nd5 continuation—the exact same line that Caruana himself would employ 13 years later as White against Magnus Carlsen in Games 8, 10, and 12 of the 2018 World Championship match in London!

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5

This is the defining move of the Sveshnikov. Black boldly kicks the knight away, accepting a permanent weakness on d5 in exchange for dynamic piece play and central space.

6.Ndb5 d6 7.Nd5!

Position after 7.Nd5:
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | r |   | b | q | k | b |   | r | 8
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | p | p |   |   |   | p | p | p | 7
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 |   |   | n | p |   | n |   |   | 6
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 |   | N | N |   | p |   |   |   | 5
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   |   |   | P |   |   |   | 4
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 3
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P | P | P |   |   | P | P | P | 2
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R |   | B | Q | K | B |   | R | 1
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

Instead of the main line 7.Bg5, White immediately occupies the d5 outpost. This seems to “solve” Black’s theoretical problems—by exchanging knights, Black eliminates the weakness on d5. However, White gains a different kind of advantage: space, a queenside pawn majority, and easy piece development without the usual headache of the misplaced knight on a3. The practical results have been promising for White, which is why Caruana revived this line at the highest level.

7…Nxd5 8.exd5 Nb8!

The retreat looks odd but is entirely correct. Black regroups with …Nd7, aiming for …f5 and kingside counterplay while White pushes on the queenside.


The Game with Analysis

Full PGN:

[Event "Hamburg Robinow Open"]
[Site "Hamburg, Germany"]
[Date "2005.10.02"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Moeller, Hendrik"]
[Black "Caruana, Fabiano"]
[Result "0-1"]
[WhiteElo "2160"]
[BlackElo "2373"]
[ECO "B33"]

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5 6.Ndb5 d6 7.Nd5 Nxd5
8.exd5 Nb8 9.c4 Be7 10.Be2 O-O 11.O-O Nd7 12.Qc2 a6 13.Nc3 f5 14.f4 Qb6+
15.Kh1 g6 16.g3 Bf6 17.Rb1 Qc7 18.Qd2 Bg7 19.Qe3 Re8 20.Qf2 Nb6 21.c5 dxc5
22.Be3 exf4 23.gxf4 Bxc3 24.bxc3 Nxd5 25.Bd2 b6 26.Bf3 Bb7 27.Qg2 Rad8
28.c4 Nf6 29.Bxb7 Rxd2 30.Qxd2 Qxb7+ 31.Qg2 Ne4 32.Kg1 Rd8 33.Rfd1 Qc7
34.Rxd8+ Qxd8 35.Qb2 Qd3 36.Rf1 Nd2 37.Rf2 Nxc4 38.Qf6 Qd1+ 39.Rf1 Qg4+
40.Kh1 Qe2 41.Kg1 Nd2 42.Rf2 Qxf2+ 0-1

Phase 1: The Opening (Moves 1-15)

The opening followed established theory smoothly. After 9.c4 (reinforcing the d5 pawn), 9…Be7 10.Be2 O-O 11.O-O! (an excellent developing move), Black continued with 11…Nd7, preparing …f5.

12.Qc2?! was the first slight inaccuracy. The queen doesn’t do much on c2, and 12.Bd2 would have been more flexible, keeping options open for where the queen should go. The young Caruana immediately punished this with 12…a6! 13.Nc3! (the knight has to retreat) 13…f5! striking in the center.

After 14.f4 (necessary to prevent …f4 clamping down) 14…Qb6+?! was a somewhat loosening check. White correctly replied 15.Kh1!, tucking the king safely away.

Phase 2: Positional Maneuvering (Moves 16-22)

16.g3?

This was White’s first significant error. By weakening the kingside pawn structure, White created long-term vulnerabilities. The engine strongly preferred 16.Bd2, keeping a solid structure and preparing to challenge Black’s pieces.

Caruana reacted perfectly with 16…Bf6!, placing the bishop actively and eyeing the weakened dark squares.

After 17.Rb1 Qc7 18.Qd2? (another inaccuracy; 18.Be3 was better, developing with tempo), the position evolved with 18…Bg7 19.Qe3?! Re8?! 20.Qf2 Nb6 21.c5?! dxc5.

Phase 3: The Critical Moment (Moves 22-25)

22.Be3 exf4

Black opens the position at exactly the right moment. Now came the critical decision…

23.gxf4?

Position after 23.gxf4:
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | r |   | b |   | r |   | k |   | 8
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   | p | q |   |   |   | b | p | 7
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | p | n |   |   |   |   | p |   | 6
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 |   |   | p | P |   | p |   |   | 5
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   |   |   |   | P |   |   | 4
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 |   |   | N |   | B |   |   |   | 3
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P | P |   |   | B | Q |   | P | 2
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 |   | R |   |   |   | R |   | K | 1
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

This recapture was a serious blunder. 23.Bxf4 was essential, keeping the pawn structure intact and maintaining better coordination. By taking with the g-pawn, White ripped open his own king’s defenses, creating a target that Black would exploit.

23…Bxc3 An excellent exchange. Black removes the defender of d5 and damages White’s structure.

24.bxc3? Another mistake in a difficult position. 24.d6! was trickier, trying to create counterplay. After the text, Black wins the d5 pawn.

24…Nxd5 25.Bd2

White tries to reorganize, but…

25…b6?

Even the young Caruana wasn’t immune to mistakes! This natural-looking move was a significant error. 25…Nf6! was much stronger, keeping the knight centralized and maintaining Black’s advantage. After the text, White had a chance to complicate matters.

Phase 4: Mutual Errors and the Endgame (Moves 26-35)

26.Bf3 Bb7 27.Qg2 Rad8?

This was Black’s worst moment. Offering the exchange sac, 27…Re4! was the right move. White can’t take it, so it activates the rook with tempo. The text allowed White significant counterplay.

28.c4 Nf6 29.Bxb7 Rxd2 30.Qxd2 Qxb7+ 31.Qg2?

White returned the favor. 31.Kg1 was safer, keeping the king tucked away. Now Black regained a clear advantage.

31…Ne4?! 32.Kg1! Rd8? 33.Rfd1 Qc7! 34.Rxd8+ Qxd8 35.Qb2?

White continues to struggle. 35.Qe2 offered better chances to hold. The queen on b2 proves misplaced.

Phase 5: The Winning Attack (Moves 36-42)

35…Qd3?! 36.Rf1?! Nd2! 37.Rf2! Nxc4

Black has won a pawn and the knight on c4 is beautifully placed.

38.Qf6??

Position after 38.Qf6:
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 |   |   |   |   |   |   | k |   | 8
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | p | 7
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | p | p |   |   |   | Q | p |   | 6
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 |   |   | p |   |   | p |   |   | 5
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   | n |   |   | P |   |   | 4
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 |   |   |   | q |   |   |   |   | 3
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P |   |   |   |   | R |   | P | 2
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 |   |   |   |   |   |   | K |   | 1
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

A blunder in a difficult position. 38.Qe2 was necessary to keep fighting. The queen on f6 looks aggressive but allows a devastating counterattack.

38…Qd1+ 39.Rf1 Qg4+ 40.Kh1 Qe2 41.Kg1?! Nd2

The knight returns with devastating effect.

42.Rf2?

Final Position after 42.Rf2:
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 |   |   |   |   |   |   | k |   | 8
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | p | 7
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | p | p |   |   |   | Q | p |   | 6
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 |   |   | p |   |   | p |   |   | 5
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   |   |   |   | P |   |   | 4
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 3
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P |   |   | n | q | R |   | P | 2
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 |   |   |   |   |   |   | K |   | 1
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

The final blunder. 42.Qd8+ was the only defense, aiming for a queen trade that might at least gave practical chances. Now Black wins immediately.

42…Qxf2+!

White resigned. After 43.Kxf2 Ne4+ Black forks the king and queen and emerges a full piece ahead with an easy win.

0-1


Lessons for Club Players

1. Pawn Structure Matters More Than You Think

White’s 16.g3 and 23.gxf4 both damaged his pawn structure around the king. Even without immediate tactics, these weaknesses persisted and eventually proved fatal. Lesson: Before moving pawns in front of your castled king, ask yourself if you’re creating permanent weaknesses.

2. Knights Need Outposts

Black’s knight on d5 dominated the game after 24…Nxd5. Later, the knight on c4 and d2 caused havoc. In contrast, White’s pieces never found stable squares. Lesson: Trade your opponent’s pieces that control key squares, then occupy those squares yourself.

3. Piece Activity Over Material

Several times Black exchanged material to gain activity (23…Bxc3, 29…Rxd2). The young Caruana understood that in dynamic positions, coordination trumps material counting. Lesson: Don’t cling to material if it means passive pieces.

4. Rooks Belong on Open Files and the 7th Rank

Black’s heavy pieces repeatedly invaded on the d-file and second rank. Lesson: After the center opens, ask “where do my rooks want to be?” and work toward that.

5. Even Strong Players Make Mistakes

Caruana’s 25…b6 and 27…Rad8 were significant errors that could have changed the result. But he kept fighting and capitalized when White erred. Lesson: Stay focused. Your opponent will make mistakes too—be ready to pounce.

6. Study Opening Theory, But Understand the Ideas

The 7.Nd5 Sveshnikov shows how knowing why moves are played matters more than memorizing variations. White played reasonable-looking moves but missed the strategic subtleties. Lesson: For each opening you play, understand the key plans for both sides.


Historical Footnote

This game offers a remarkable window into Fabiano Caruana’s development. At 13, he was already capable of handling complex strategic positions against experienced opposition, even while making the occasional error. His fighting spirit—continuing to press even after mistakes—would become a hallmark of his career.

The opening itself would gain renewed attention in 2018 when Caruana employed 7.Nd5 as White against Magnus Carlsen in their World Championship match. Having been on the Black side of this structure as a youth, Caruana deeply understood both sides of the position—a testament to how early tournament experience shapes a player’s strategic understanding.

The Hamburg Robinow Open 2005 may not be a famous tournament, but for one young American-Italian boy, it was another stepping stone on the path to becoming one of the greatest players of his generation.


Analysis performed with Stockfish 17.1 at depth 20. All evaluations converted from centipawn scores to descriptive assessments for clarity.

2025-12-06

claude knows chess: Xiong vs Caruana, 2019-03-25, US Chess Championship, round 6

I wrote a package (with claude and gemini's help) that takes a database of Caruana games, runs them all through stockfish for analysis, then ranks them, then creates a terse latex report for selected top games (such as the game discussed in this column, bwt, I plan to post these python files to github at some point). This latex report was run through Claude and a "chess blog version" of the report was created. The markdown response from claude (sonnet 4.5) was converted to html using pacdoc. I edited this html in emacs, mostly for readability. Enjoy! (The image below is from nbcdfw.com.)
To repeat: based on the above-mentioned python-stockfish programs, claude wrote this blog post, with some minor editing by wdj.

World Championship Challenger Meets Rising Star: Caruana vs Xiong at the 2019 US Chess Championship

A Battle of Generations in Saint Louis


The Setting

The 2019 US Chess Championship brought together twelve of America’s finest players at the prestigious Saint Louis Chess Club from March 20 to April 2, 2019. With $194,000 in prize money and a spot in the World Championship cycle at stake, tensions ran high throughout the elite round-robin event.

The time control was classical: 90 minutes for the first 40 moves, followed by 30 minutes for the rest of the game, with a 30-second increment from move one. This gave players ample time to calculate deeply—though as we’ll see, even world-class grandmasters can falter under pressure.

The Field

The 2019 edition featured a remarkable concentration of talent. Besides our two protagonists, the tournament included:

  • Hikaru Nakamura – Four-time US Champion seeking his fifth title
  • Wesley So – Former US Champion and perennial contender
  • Leinier Dominguez Perez – Cuban-born super-GM making his US Championship debut after becoming a US citizen
  • Sam Shankland – The defending 2018 champion
  • Ray Robson – Consistent top-tier American GM
  • Sam Sevian – One of America’s youngest GMs
  • Var Akobian – Experienced tournament veteran
  • Alex Lenderman – Solid positional player
  • Awonder Liang – Teenage prodigy
  • Timur Gareyev – The eccentric blindfold chess world record holder (who famously played in another tournament during the championship!)

Nakamura would ultimately claim his fifth title with 8/11, edging out Dominguez and Caruana by half a point.


The Players

White: Fabiano Caruana (FIDE 2828)

Just four months before this game, Fabiano Caruana had been on the biggest stage in chess—challenging Magnus Carlsen for the World Championship in London. The match ended in twelve straight draws before Carlsen won the rapid tiebreaks, but Caruana had proven himself as the first American challenger since Bobby Fischer in 1972.

Born in Miami in 1992 to Italian parents, Caruana grew up in Brooklyn and became a chess prodigy under the tutelage of Bruce Pandolfini (yes, that Pandolfini from “Searching for Bobby Fischer”). He earned his GM title at 14, won the 2016 US Championship, and holds the third-highest FIDE rating ever achieved (2844). His legendary performance at the 2014 Sinquefield Cup—7/7 against a field averaging 2802—remains one of chess history’s greatest tournament results.

Black: Jeffery Xiong (FIDE 2663)

At just 18 years old, Jeffery Xiong represented the new generation of American chess talent. Born in Plano, Texas in 2000, Xiong became a GM at 14 (the fourth-youngest American ever) and won the 2016 World Junior Championship—becoming the youngest winner in 28 years and the first American to claim the title in nearly two decades.

Xiong had started the tournament brilliantly, defeating defending champion Shankland in Round 3 and sharing the lead with 2.5/3. A Round 4 loss to Robson dropped him back to the pack, and heading into this Round 6 clash, he faced the daunting task of playing Black against the world’s second-ranked player.


The Game

Event: 2019 US Chess Championship
Site: Saint Louis Chess Club, Missouri
Date: March 25, 2019
Round: 6
White: Caruana, Fabiano (2828)
Black: Xiong, Jeffery (2663)
Result: 1-0
ECO: C65 – Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defense

Complete PGN

[Event "US Chess Championship 2019"]
[Site "Saint Louis USA"]
[Date "2019.03.25"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Caruana, Fabiano"]
[Black "Xiong, Jeffery"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C65"]
[WhiteElo "2828"]
[BlackElo "2663"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Bxc6 dxc6 6. O-O Qe7 7. Nbd2 Bg4 
8. h3 Bh5 9. a3 a5 10. Nc4 Nd7 11. g4 Bg6 12. b4 Bb6 13. bxa5 Bxa5 14. Bb2 f6 
15. Nxa5 Rxa5 16. Nh4 O-O 17. Nf5 Qe6 18. Kh2 c5 19. h4 c4 20. h5 Bf7 21. Rg1 
cxd3 22. cxd3 Rb5 23. Bc1 Kh8 24. Be3 Rb3 25. Rg3 c5 26. Qe2 g5 27. hxg6 Bxg6 
28. a4 Qa6 29. Bh6 Rg8 30. Rag1 Qxa4 31. Ne7 Qd4 32. Qd1 c4 33. Nxg8 Kxg8 
34. dxc4 Rxg3 35. Qxd4 exd4 36. Kxg3 Bxe4 37. Rd1 d3 38. f3 Bg6 39. Ra1 Kf7 
40. Ra7 Nc5 41. Be3 Ke8 42. Bxc5 d2 43. Ra8+ Kd7 44. Bb6 Kc6 45. Ba5 1-0

Detailed Analysis

The Opening: Anti-Berlin Strategy

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6

Xiong chooses the Berlin Defense—the rock-solid system that Vladimir Kramnik used to dethrone Kasparov in 2000. Its reputation as “the Berlin Wall” stems from the notorious endgame arising after 4.O-O Nxe4 5.d4 Nd6 6.Bxc6 dxc6 7.dxe5 Nf5 8.Qxd8+ Kxd8, where Black trades early queens for an ugly-but-defensible structure.

4.d3

Caruana sidesteps the Berlin endgame entirely with the “Anti-Berlin”—a system championed by the first World Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz. By supporting e4 with d3 instead of castling, White maintains more pieces and middlegame complexity.

4…Bc5 5.Bxc6 dxc6 6.O-O Qe7 7.Nbd2 Bg4 8.h3 Bh5

Both sides develop logically. Black’s bishop sortie to g4 pressures the f3-knight and prepares the retreat to g6 where it will eye White’s kingside.

Position after 8...Bh5:
    
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | r |   |   |   | k |   |   | r |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | p | p | p |   | q | p | p | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 |   |   | p |   |   | n |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 |   |   | b |   | p |   |   | b |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   |   |   | P |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 |   |   |   | P |   | N |   | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P | P | P | N |   | P | P |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R |   | B | Q |   | R | K |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

9.a3 a5?!

Stockfish notes this as a slight inaccuracy. Black prevents b4 but weakens the b5-square. The engine preferred 9…Nd7 immediately, preparing to recapture on c5 with the knight if White plays b4.

10.Nc4 Nd7 11.g4 Bg6 12.b4

Caruana demonstrates excellent understanding of this structure. The g4-h4-h5 pawn storm is White’s primary kingside plan, while b4 challenges Black’s bishop and aims to open lines on the queenside.

Position after 12.b4:

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | r |   |   |   | k |   |   | r |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   | p | p | n | q | p | p | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 |   |   | p |   |   |   | b |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | p |   | b |   | p |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   | P | N |   | P |   | P |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | P |   |   | P |   | N |   | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 |   |   | P |   |   | P |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R |   | B | Q |   | R | K |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

12…Bb6 13.bxa5 Bxa5 14.Bb2 f6

Stockfish slightly preferred 12 ... axb4 13 Bg5 f6 14 axb4. In the game, Black solidifies the e5-pawn but weakens the e6-square—a critical concession that allows White’s knight to land on f5 with tremendous effect.

The Critical Middlegame

15.Nxa5?!

Stockfish slightly prefers keeping the knight on c4, but this capture is perfectly playable.

15…Rxa5 16.Nh4?!

An aggressive but imprecise move. Caruana wants his knight on f5 immediately, but Stockfish suggests the more patient 16.Qe2 or 16.Qe1 first.

16…O-O?!

Black misses 16…O-O-O!, which would have given better counterplay against White’s exposed kingside.

17.Nf5 Qe6 18.Kh2 c5 19.h4 c4 20.h5

Position after 20.h5:

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 |   |   |   |   |   | r | k |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   | p | p | n |   |   | p | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 |   |   |   |   | q | p | b |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | r |   |   |   | p | N |   | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   | p |   | P |   | P |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | P |   |   | P |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 |   | B | P |   |   | P |   | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R |   |   | Q |   | R |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

Caruana’s pawn storm is in full swing. The knight on f5 dominates the position, and Black’s bishop on g6 is running out of squares.

20…Bf7?

A significant mistake that hands White a clear advantage. Black should have eliminated the monster knight with 20…Bxf5! 21.gxf5 Qf7 when the position remains complex but defensible. Now White’s attack gains momentum.

21.Rg1?

Caruana returns the favor! Stockfish wanted 21.Bc3!, attacking the rook and preparing to double on the g-file more effectively. Both world-class players are human after all.

21…cxd3 22.cxd3 Rb5?

Another slip. Xiong should have played 22…Qb6!, keeping more active piece placement. The rook on b5 looks aggressive but accomplishes little.

The Tactical Climax

23.Bc1 Kh8?! 24.Be3 Rb3 25.Rg3 c5?!

Black’s pieces are awkwardly placed. The rook on b3 is out of play, and the knight on d7 has no good squares.

26.Qe2 g5??

Position after 26...g5:

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 |   |   |   |   |   | r |   | k |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   | p |   | n |   | b |   | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 |   |   |   |   | q | p |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 |   |   | p |   | p | N | p | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   |   |   | P |   | P |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | P | r |   | P | B |   | R |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 |   |   |   |   | Q | P |   | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

A serious mistake born of desperation. Xiong tries to break the bind, but this weakens his king fatally. The engine strongly preferred 26…Rg8, maintaining defensive chances.

27.hxg6 Bxg6 28.a4 Qa6 29.Bh6 Rg8 30.Rag1

Caruana’s pieces swarm the kingside. The bishop on h6 is devastating, preventing Black’s king from escaping via g7.

30…Qxa4 31.Ne7?

Even Caruana stumbles in the complications! The spectacular 31.g5! was crushing, ripping open lines toward the black king. After 31…fxg5 32.Rxg5 White’s attack is overwhelming.

31…Qd4 32.Qd1 c4??

The decisive blunder. Under pressure, Xiong cracks. The calm 32…Ra3 would have kept Black in the game, though White retains an edge.

33.Nxg8 Kxg8 34.dxc4 Rxg3 35.Qxd4 exd4 36.Kxg3

The smoke clears to reveal a technically winning endgame for White. Black has a bishop and passed d-pawn for the exchange, but White’s material advantage and better-coordinated pieces prove decisive.

The Technical Phase

36…Bxe4 37.Rd1 d3 38.f3 Bg6

Position after 38...Bg6:

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 |   |   |   |   |   |   | k |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   | p |   | n |   |   |   | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 |   |   |   |   |   | p | b | B |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   | P |   |   |   | P |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 |   |   |   | p |   | P | K |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 |   |   |   | R |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

White: Kg3, Rd1, Bh6, pawns c4, f3, g4
Black: Kg8, Nd7, Bg6, pawns b7, d3, f6, h7

(Note: White bishop on h6 was exchanged earlier; position shows the endgame structure)

39.Ra1 Kf7 40.Ra7 Nc5 41.Be3 Ke8?

Another mistake in a difficult position. Xiong needed 41...Nd7 to keep his knight active and protect the b7-pawn.

42.Bxc5 d2?

Desperation. The passed pawn looks dangerous but White easily handles it.

43.Ra8+ Kd7 44.Bb6! Kc6 45.Ba5!

Final Position


  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | R |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 |   | p |   |   |   |   |   | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 |   |   | k |   |   | p | b |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | B |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 |   |   | P |   |   |   | P |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 |   |   |   |   |   | P | K |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 |   |   |   | p |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h    

White: Ka3, Ra8, Ba5, pawns c4, f3, g4 Black: Kc6, Bg6, pawns b7, d2, f6, h7

Black resigned (1-0)

Black’s position is hopeless. The d2-pawn will fall after Rd8, and White’s rook will invade decisively. The bishop on a5 controls the critical d8-square and prevents any counterplay.


Lessons for Club Players

1. The Power of the Knight on f5

Throughout this game, Caruana’s knight on f5 was a dominant piece. Planted on this outpost—supported by pawns on e4 and g4—it controlled key squares (e7, g7, h6, d6, e3) and restricted Black’s pieces severely. When your opponent allows a knight to reach f5 (or f4 for Black), consider whether you should immediately trade it off or suffer its presence.

Takeaway: If you can establish a knight on f5 in a Spanish-type position, prioritize supporting it. If your opponent has such a knight, exchange it if possible, especially before castling kingside.

2. Pawn Storms Require Piece Coordination

Caruana’s g4-h4-h5 advance wasn’t just random aggression — it was coordinated with:
- Knight landing on f5
- Bishop ready to deploy to c1-h6 diagonal
- Rooks prepared to use the g-file

The lesson: advancing pawns in front of your king requires that your pieces support the attack. Xiong’s pieces, by contrast, were uncoordinated (rook on b3, knight on d7, queen shuffling), which allowed Caruana’s attack to succeed.

3. Trading Bad Pieces

Black’s light-squared bishop spent the game being pushed around by White’s pawns. On move 20, Black had the opportunity to exchange it for the dominant knight with 20…Bxf5!, but declined. This would have:
- Eliminated White’s best piece
- Given Black’s remaining pieces more breathing room
- Opened the g-file for potential counterplay

Takeaway: Don’t be sentimental about the bishop pair. If one of your bishops is bad and your opponent has a monster knight, trade it!

4. Pressure Causes Mistakes

Xiong is a world-class player who has beaten super-GMs. Yet under Caruana’s sustained pressure, he committed multiple inaccuracies (20…Bf7?, 22…Rb5?, 26…g5?, 32…c4??). Club players often think professionals don’t blunder, but even elite GMs crack when:
- Under constant pressure
- In time trouble
- Facing difficult defensive tasks

Takeaway: Even if your position is slightly worse, keep fighting! Maintain pressure, and your opponent may crack.

5. The Importance of Prophylaxis

Several of Xiong’s problems stemmed from failing to anticipate Caruana’s plans. A prophylactic approach would ask: “What does my opponent want to do, and how can I prevent it?”

When Caruana was building his kingside attack, Black needed to consider:
- Can I trade off his attacking pieces?
- Can I create counterplay elsewhere?
- Should I close the position or open it?

Instead, Black’s moves like 26…g5? helped White’s attack rather than hindering it.


Statistical Summary

Caruana (White)

  • Good moves: 31 (68.9%)
  • Inaccuracies: 7
  • Mistakes: 2
  • Average centipawn loss: 15.6

Xiong (Black)

  • Good moves: 22 (50.0%)
  • Inaccuracies: 11
  • Mistakes: 5
  • Blunders: 1
  • Average centipawn loss: 24.1

Conclusion

This game showcased Fabiano Caruana’s exceptional understanding of the Anti-Berlin system and his ability to generate a kingside attack while maintaining positional control. Though both players made mistakes—this was no computer game—Caruana’s pressure eventually told, and the young Jeffery Xiong cracked at the critical moment.

For club players, this game offers valuable lessons about piece coordination, the importance of trading off dominant enemy pieces, and how sustained pressure can induce errors even from the best players in the world.

The 2019 US Championship ultimately went to Hikaru Nakamura, but games like this one remind us why Fabiano Caruana remains one of the most feared attackers in world chess—and why Jeffery Xiong, despite this loss, has the talent to challenge for American supremacy for years to come.


Analysis generated with Stockfish engine assistance. Historical and biographical information gathered from Saint Louis Chess Club, Chess.com, US Chess Federation, and FIDE records.

2025-12-04

claude knows chess: Caruana vs Carlsen, 2022-01-29

I wrote a package (with claude and gemini's help) that takes a database of Caruana games, runs them all through stockfish for analysis, then ranks them, then creates a terse latex report for selected top games (such as the game discussed in this column, bwt, I plan to post these python files to github at some point). This latex report was run through Claude and a "chess blog version" of the report was created. The markdown response from claude (sonnet 4.5) was converted to html using pacdoc. I edited this html in emacs, mostly for readability.

Enjoy! (The image below is from chess.com.)

To repeat: based on the above-mentioned python-stockfish programs, claude wrote this blog post, with some minor editing by wdj.

When Excellence Meets Perfection: Carlsen’s Championship-Clinching Victory Over Caruana

Tata Steel Masters 2022, Round 12

Wijk aan Zee, Netherlands | January 29, 2022


Tournament Context

The 84th Tata Steel Chess Tournament is one of the most prestigious events in chess, often called “the Wimbledon of Chess.” Held annually in the Dutch coastal town of Wijk aan Zee, it brings together the world’s elite players for an intense two-week battle.

Tournament Details: - Dates: January 14-30, 2022 - Format: 14 players, 13-round single round-robin - Time Control: 100 minutes for the first 50 moves, then 15 minutes with 30-second increment per move - Prize Fund: Significant, with the winner receiving the coveted trophy

The Elite Field:

This year’s Masters section was exceptionally strong, featuring: - Magnus Carlsen (Norway) - World Champion, rated 2865 - Fabiano Caruana (USA) - Former World Championship challenger, rated 2792 - Shakhriyar Mamedyarov (Azerbaijan) - Multiple tournament winner - Richard Rapport (Hungary) - Creative and dangerous attacker - Anish Giri (Netherlands) - Local favorite and perennial contender - Sergey Karjakin (Russia) - Former World Championship challenger - Jorden van Foreest (Netherlands) - Defending champion - Andrey Esipenko (Russia) - Rising star - Jan-Krzysztof Duda (Poland) - 2021 World Cup winner - Vidit Gujrathi (India) - Top Indian grandmaster - Plus Shankland, Praggnanandhaa, Grandelius, and Dubov

The Situation Going Into Round 12:

By Round 12, Magnus Carlsen had built a commanding lead and needed only a draw against Caruana to clinch his eighth Tata Steel title with a round to spare. However, in typical Carlsen fashion, he decided to play for a win. “A draw was very good for me, but I guess I was feeling a bit bolder than normal,” he said afterward. “I kind of wanted to play. He clearly wanted to play as well, so we got a good fight.”

This was the 55th classical game between these titans. Coming into this game, Carlsen led their head-to-head 11-5 with 38 draws.


The Game

White: Fabiano Caruana
Black: Magnus Carlsen
Result: 0-1 (Black wins)
Opening: Rossolimo Variation of the Sicilian Defense (B30)

Complete Game Score with Analysis

1. e4 c5

The Sicilian Defense - Black’s most popular and aggressive response to 1.e4. Carlsen, needing only a draw, chooses his most trusted weapon.

2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5

The Rossolimo Variation. Caruana avoids the theoretical mazes of the Open Sicilian, looking for a strategic battle where his excellent positional understanding can shine.

3…g6 4. O-O Bg7 5. c3 Nf6

Black develops naturally with a fianchetto setup, a solid and flexible choice.

6. Re1

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | r | . | b | q | k | . | . | r |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | p | p | . | p | p | p | b | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | . | n | . | . | n | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | B | p | . | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | . | . | . | . | P | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | . | . | P | . | . | N | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P | P | . | P | . | P | P | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R | N | B | Q | . | R | . | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

White prepares d4, keeping maximum flexibility.

6…O-O 7. d4 d5 8. e5

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | r | . | b | q | . | r | k | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | p | p | . | . | p | p | b | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | . | n | . | . | n | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | B | p | p | P | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | . | . | . | P | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | . | . | P | . | . | N | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P | P | . | . | . | P | P | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R | N | B | Q | . | R | . | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

The game reaches a critical juncture. White establishes a space advantage with the e5 pawn.

8…Ne4

A key move in this structure. The knight on e4 is perfectly placed, controlling important central squares.

9. Be3 cxd4 10. cxd4

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | r | . | b | q | . | r | k | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | p | p | . | . | p | p | b | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | . | n | . | . | . | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | B | . | p | P | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | . | . | . | P | n | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | . | . | . | . | B | N | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | P | P | . | . | . | P | P | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | R | N | . | Q | . | R | . | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

The central structure is now clarified. White has a strong center but Black has active piece play.

10…Qb6 11. Qe2 Bd7 12. Ba4 Rac8 13. Nc3 Nxc3 14. bxc3 Qd8

Both sides develop logically. Black exchanges the knight to reduce White’s attacking potential, while White maintains a solid center.

15. Bb3?!

Inaccuracy. The bishop is slightly less active on b3. While this isn’t a major mistake, it gives Black more breathing room. The position slightly favors Black now.

15…Na5 16. Rac1 Nxb3 17. axb3 Qb6

The exchanges have clarified the position. Black has eliminated a potentially troublesome piece.

18. Qa2

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | . | . | r | . | . | r | k | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | p | p | . | b | p | p | b | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | q | . | . | . | . | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | . | . | p | P | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | . | . | . | P | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | . | P | P | . | B | N | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | Q | . | . | . | . | P | P | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | . | . | R | . | . | R | . | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

18…a5 19. Qa3?!

Inaccuracy. The queen is awkwardly placed on a3. White’s position becomes slightly uncomfortable as the queen lacks good squares.

19…Rfe8 20. c4 dxc4 21. bxc4?!

Inaccuracy. Now White’s pawn structure is compromised. The c4 pawn could become weak.

21…Qa6 22. c5 Bc6?!

Inaccuracy by Black. This allows White to consolidate slightly. Better was keeping more tension.

23. Rb1?! a4?!

Both sides make minor inaccuracies. The position remains complex and double-edged.

The Critical Phase Begins

24. Rec1?

Mistake! This passive move allows Black to seize the initiative. White should have played 24. Nd2 to coordinate better. The rooks are now congested on the c-file and lack coordination.

24…Rcd8?

Mistake by Black! Missing the strong 24…b5!, which would have put immediate pressure on White’s position. Both players are showing the difficulty of this complex middlegame.

25. Nd2?!

Another inaccuracy. White continues with a passive plan.

25…Qe2 26. f3??

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | . | . | . | r | r | . | k | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | . | p | . | . | p | p | b | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | . | b | . | . | . | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | . | P | . | P | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | p | . | . | P | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | Q | . | . | . | B | P | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | . | . | . | N | q | . | P | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | . | R | R | . | . | . | . | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

Critical Mistake! This seriously weakens White’s king position and creates tactical vulnerabilities. 26. Nf3 was essential, keeping pieces coordinated and the king safer. As Carlsen said after the game, “The wrong plan. The exchange sac was just screaming to be played.”

26…Rxd4!!

The key tactical blow! Black sacrifices the exchange (rook for bishop), but White’s position collapses. This move combines tactics with deep positional understanding - the two bishops will dominate the position.

27. Bxd4 Qxd2 28. Rd1

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | . | . | . | . | r | . | k | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | . | p | . | . | p | p | b | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | . | b | . | . | . | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | . | P | . | P | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | p | . | . | B | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | Q | . | . | . | . | P | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | . | . | . | q | . | . | P | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | . | R | . | R | . | . | . | K |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

White tries to fight but is already in serious trouble.

28…Qf4 29. Qb4?!

Inaccuracy. White’s queen continues to be misplaced.

29…e6 30. Bc3?

Mistake! This allows Black to force a queen trade under favorable circumstances. 30. Qa5 was better, trying to create some counterplay.

30…Qxb4! 31. Bxb4?

Mistake! White should recapture with the rook (31. Rxb4), keeping more pieces on the board. Now the endgame is nearly lost for White.

31…Bxe5!

Black gobbles up the e5 pawn, and the two bishops are absolutely dominant. As Carlsen explained: “It might seem a bit paradoxical that I should exchange queens while I am an exchange down, but I think my bishops are so strong in the endgame that he just has no chance.”

32. Ba3 Bf6 33. Kf2 Be7 34. Rb6!

White tries to activate the rook, but Black’s position is fundamentally superior.

34…Rc8 35. Rd2 f6 36. f4?

Mistake! This creates more weaknesses. 36. Ke3 was more resilient.

36…e5? 37. fxe5 fxe5 38. Re2?

Mistake by White. 38. Rdb2 offered more resistance. White’s position is deteriorating rapidly.

38…Rf8+ 39. Ke1! Rf5? 40. Rb1?!

Both sides make small errors in this complex position, but Black’s advantage remains overwhelming.

40…e4 41. Rc1?

Mistake! The rook would be better placed on f2. Now Black’s pawns roll forward dangerously.

41…Bh4+ 42. g3!

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | . | . | . | . | . | . | k | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | . | p | . | . | . | . | . | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | . | b | . | . | . | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | . | P | . | . | r | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | p | . | . | . | p | . | . | b |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | B | . | . | . | . | . | P | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | . | . | . | . | R | . | . | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | . | . | R | . | K | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

White blocks the check, but the position remains hopeless.

42…Bg5 43. Rb1??

Blunder! A decisive error. White should have played 43. Rc4, creating some counterplay. Now Black’s attack becomes unstoppable.

43…Rf3!

Black’s rook penetrates to the third rank with devastating effect.

44. Bc1 Bf6? 45. Rb6! Rf5 46. Ba3 Kf7!

Black regroups and brings the king up to support the pawns.

47. Rf2??

The final blunder! White collapses. 47. Ra2 was necessary, though Black is still winning. This move loses immediately by allowing Black to trade rooks.

47…Rf3 48. Rxf3

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | . | p | . | . | . | k | . | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | R | b | . | . | b | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | . | P | . | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | p | . | . | . | p | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | B | . | . | . | . | R | P | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | . | . | . | . | K | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

48…exf3?

A slight inaccuracy - though the position is completely winning regardless. Black now has a passed f-pawn and the bishop pair against a lone rook.

49. Kf1 Bd4

Final Position

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
8 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
7 | . | p | . | . | . | k | . | p |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
6 | . | R | b | . | . | . | p | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
5 | . | . | P | . | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
4 | p | . | . | b | . | . | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
3 | B | . | . | . | . | p | P | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
2 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | P |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 | . | . | . | . | . | K | . | . |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

Black’s position is completely winning. The bishop on d4 controls key squares, the passed f-pawn is unstoppable, and White’s pieces are completely uncoordinated. Caruana resigned shortly after (the game continued a few more moves but was hopeless).

Final Result: 0-1


Key Lessons for Club Players

1. The Power of the Two Bishops in Open Positions

The critical turning point was move 26…Rxd4!, sacrificing the exchange (rook for bishop). This illustrates a fundamental principle: in positions with few pawns and open lines, two bishops can be worth more than a rook. The bishops controlled the entire board, while White’s rook had no meaningful targets.

Practical takeaway: Don’t be afraid to sacrifice material if you can obtain overwhelming positional compensation. In this case, Carlsen got two powerful bishops and a dominant position.

2. Piece Coordination is Crucial

Throughout the game, White’s pieces became increasingly uncoordinated. Notice how after 24. Rec1?, White’s rooks were tripping over each other on the c-file, the queen was misplaced on a3, and the knight on d2 was passive. Meanwhile, Black’s pieces worked together harmoniously.

Practical takeaway: Before making a move, ask yourself: “Will my pieces be working together after this move?” Avoid putting multiple pieces on the same file or diagonal unless there’s a concrete reason.

3. Weak Pawns Create Long-Term Problems

White’s pawn weaknesses (especially the isolated c5 pawn and the weakened kingside after f3) became targets that Black exploited. These structural defects lasted the entire game.

Practical takeaway: Every pawn move creates permanent changes to the position. Be especially careful about pawn moves that: - Isolate your pawns - Create holes in front of your king - Push pawns forward where they can become targets

4. Queen Placement Matters

White’s queen was poorly placed throughout much of the game (a3, b4). A misplaced queen is a common theme in club games. The queen needs flexibility and scope.

Practical takeaway: The queen should usually be centralized or attacking meaningful targets, not stuck on the side of the board defending pawns.

5. When to Accept a Draw vs. Play for a Win

Carlsen could have drawn easily but chose to play for complications. However, he did so from a solid position where he wasn’t taking unreasonable risks. This is different from playing desperately for a win from an inferior position.

Practical takeaway: When you need a draw, don’t be passive - but also don’t take wild risks. Play normal chess and make your opponent prove they can beat you.

6. Calculation Must Include Defensive Resources

White’s 26. f3?? shows what happens when you don’t consider all of your opponent’s tactical responses. After this move, Black’s exchange sacrifice became devastating.

Practical takeaway: Before playing a committal move (especially pawn moves near your king), calculate your opponent’s most forcing responses: checks, captures, and threats.

7. The Endgame Started in the Middlegame

Carlsen willingly traded queens despite being down the exchange because he understood the resulting endgame was winning. This required precise evaluation.

Practical takeaway: Study typical endgames (like bishop pair vs. rook) so you know when to simplify and when to keep pieces on. Carlsen’s confidence in the endgame allowed him to make brave decisions in the middlegame.


Statistical Overview

White (Caruana): - Total moves: 49 - Good moves: 24 (49.0%) - Inaccuracies: 11 - Mistakes: 7 - Blunders: 2

Black (Carlsen): - Total moves: 49 - Good moves: 29 (59.2%) - Inaccuracies: 10 - Mistakes: 5 - Blunders: 0

The statistics reveal an interesting story: both players made errors, but Carlsen made no blunders while Caruana made two critical ones. In games between elite players, it’s often not about playing perfectly, but about avoiding the biggest mistakes.


Tournament Aftermath

This victory secured Carlsen’s eighth Tata Steel Masters title, cementing his status as the most successful player in the tournament’s history. He finished with an impressive 9½/13, a full point ahead of Shakhriyar Mamedyarov and Richard Rapport who tied for second with 8/13.

For Caruana, this loss was disappointing in a tournament where he struggled to find his best form, finishing in a tie for 7th-8th place with 6½/13. However, his willingness to fight against the World Champion, even in a must-win scenario for Carlsen, showed his competitive spirit.

The game demonstrates why Carlsen has dominated world chess for over a decade: his ability to find practical chances in any position, his fearlessness in complex situations, and his superior endgame technique all combined to produce another memorable victory.


Final Thoughts

This game exemplifies chess at the highest level - not perfection, but two world-class players battling through complexity, making critical decisions under time pressure, and ultimately one finding the key ideas while the other faltered at crucial moments.

For club players, this game offers numerous instructive moments: the importance of piece coordination, the power of the bishop pair, the critical nature of pawn structure, and the value of understanding typical endgames. Most importantly, it shows that even games between the world’s best players are decided by concrete mistakes and missed opportunities - just like our own games, but at a much higher level.

Carlsen’s post-game comment captured the essence perfectly: “I feel like the endgame was pretty much winning from the get-go. He found some nice resources, but I think eventually it’s always gonna win.” This confidence, based on deep understanding and precise calculation, is what separates the world champion from the rest.